OLPC XO-1

The XO-1, ahead accepted as the $100 Laptop,2 Children's Machine,3 and 2B1,4 is an bargain subnotebook computer advised to be broadcast to accouchement in developing countries about the world,5 to accommodate them with admission to knowledge, and opportunities to "explore, agreement and accurate themselves" (constructionist learning).6 The laptop is developed by the One Laptop per Adolescent (OLPC) non-profit, 501(c)(3) alignment and bogus by Quanta Computer.

The subnotebooks are advised for auction to government-education systems which again accord anniversary primary academy adolescent their own laptop. Pricing was set to alpha at $188 in 2006, with a declared ambition to ability the $100 mark in 2008 and the 50-dollar mark by 2010.7 When offered for auction in the Accord One, Get One campaigns of Q4 2006 and Q4 2007, the laptop was awash at $199.8

These rugged, low-power computers use beam anamnesis instead of a harder drive, and appear with a administration of Linux acquired from Red Hat's Fedora as their pre-installed operating system.9 Mobile ad-hoc networking via 802.11s WiFi cobweb networking agreement is acclimated to acquiesce abounding machines to allotment Internet admission as continued as at atomic one of them can see and affix to a router or added admission point.

The XO-1 is aswell nicknamed ceibalita in Uruguay afterwards the Ceibal project

Design

The XO-1 is advised to be low-cost, small, durable, and efficient. It is alien with a slimmed-down adaptation of Fedora Linux and a GUI called Sugar that is advised to advice adolescent accouchement collaborate. The XO-1 includes a video camera, a microphone, all-embracing Wi-Fi, and a amalgam stylus/touch pad. In accession to a accepted constituent ability supply, animal ability and solar ability sources are available, acceptance operation far from a bartering ability grid. Mary Lou Jepsen has listed the architecture goals of the accessory as follows:27

basal ability consumption, with a architecture ambition of 2–3 W absolute ability consumption

basal assembly cost, with a ambition of US$100 per laptop for assembly runs of millions of units

a "cool" look, implying avant-garde administration in its concrete appearance

e-book functionality with acutely low ability consumption

accessible antecedent and chargeless software provided with the laptop

Various use models had been explored by OLPC with the advice of Architecture Continuum and Fuseproject, including: laptop, e-book, theatre, simulation, tote, and book architectures. The accepted design, by Fuseproject, uses a agent articulation to morph amid laptop, e-book, and router modes.ci

Hardware

The latest GA adaptation of the XO-1 is XO 1.5. The specs for earlier builds are accurate in the Major Builds section, below. Data about the XO-1 comes from the accouterments specification

XO 1

CPU: 433 MHz x86 AMD Geode LX-700 at 0.8 watts, with chip cartoon controller

256 MB of Dual (DDR266) 133 MHz DRAM (in 2006 the blueprint alleged for 128 MB of RAM)29

1024 kB (1 MB) beam ROM with open-source Open Firmware

1024 MB of SLC NAND beam anamnesis (in 2006 the blueprint alleged for 512 MB of beam memory)30

Average array activity 3 hrs

Intentionally omitted features

In befitting with its goals of robustness and low ability consumption, the architecture of the laptop carefully omits all motor-driven affective parts; it has no harder drive, no optical (CD/DVD) media, no billowing drives and no admirers (the accessory is irenic cooled). An ATA interface is accidental due to the abridgement of harder drive. There is aswell no PC agenda slot, although an SD aperture is available, as able-bodied as USB ports.

A congenital hand-crank architect was allotment of the anthology in the aboriginal design, about it is now an alternative clamp-on borderline (See a photo in the Gallery, below).

Display

The first-generation OLPC laptops accept a atypical bargain LCD. Later ancestors of the OLPC laptop are accepted to use low-cost, low-power and high-resolution blush displays with an actualization agnate to cyberbanking paper.

The affectation is the a lot of big-ticket basic in a lot of laptops. In April 2005, Negroponte assassin Mary Lou Jepsen—who was interviewing to accompany the Media Arts and Sciences adroitness at the MIT Media Lab in September 200842—as OLPC Chief Technology Officer. Jepsen developed a new affectation for the first-generation OLPC laptop, aggressive by the architecture of baby LCDs acclimated in carriageable DVD players, which she estimated would bulk about $35. In the OLPC XO-1, the awning is estimated to be the additional a lot of big-ticket basic (after the CPU and chipset).43

Jepsen has declared the abatement of the filters that blush the RGB subpixels as the analytical architecture addition in the new LCD. Instead of application subtractive blush filters, the affectation uses a artificial diffraction annoying and lenses on the rear of the LCD to brighten anniversary pixel.dubious – discuss This annoying arrangement is formed application the aforementioned technology acclimated to accomplish DVDs. The annoying splits the ablaze from the white backlight into a spectrum. The red, blooming and dejected apparatus are diffracted into the actual positions to brighten the agnate pixel with R, G or B. This addition after-effects in a abundant brighter affectation for a accustomed bulk of backlight illumination: while the blush filters in a approved affectation about blot 85% of the ablaze that hits them, this affectation absorbs little of that light. A lot of LCD screens use algid cathode beaming lamp backlights which are fragile, difficult or absurd to repair, crave a top voltage ability supply, are almost power-hungry, and annual for 50% of the screens' bulk (sometimes 60%). The LED backlight in the XO-1 is calmly replaceable, rugged, and inexpensive.4445

The butt of the LCD uses absolute affectation technology and can be fabricated application absolute accomplishment equipment. Even the masks can be fabricated application combinations of absolute abstracts and processes.

Display resolution

When lit primarily from the rear with the white LED backlight, the affectation shows a blush angel composed of both RGB and grayscale information.46 If lit primarily from the foreground by ambient light, for archetype from the sun, the affectation shows a monochromatic (black and white) angel composed of just the grayscale information.

"Mode" change occurs by capricious the about amounts backlight and ambient light. With added backlight, a college chrominance is accessible and a blush angel affectation is seen. As ambient ablaze levels, such as sunlight, beat the backlight, a grayscale affectation is seen; this can be advantageous if account e-books for an continued time in ablaze ablaze such as sunlight. The backlight accuracy can aswell be adapted to alter the akin of blush apparent in the affectation and to conserve array power.

In blush approach (when lit primarily from the rear), the affectation does not use the accepted RGB pixel geometry for aqueous clear computer displays, in which anniversary pixel contains three alpine attenuate rectangles of the primary colors. Instead, the XO-1 affectation provides one blush for anniversary pixel. The colors adjust forth diagonals that run from upper-right to lower larboard (see diagram on the right). To abate the blush artifacts acquired by this pixel geometry, the blush basic of the angel is blurred by the affectation ambassador as the angel is beatific to the screen. Despite the blush blurring, the affectation still has top resolution for its concrete size; accustomed displays as of February 2007 put about 588(H)×441(V) to 882(H)×662(V) pixels in this bulk of concrete areacitation needed and abutment subpixel apprehension for hardly college perceived resolution. A Philips Research abstraction abstinent the XO-1 display's perceived blush resolution as finer 984(H)×738(V).474849 A accepted aqueous clear affectation with the aforementioned amount of blooming pixels (green carries a lot of accuracy or luminance advice for animal eyes) as the OLPC XO-1 would be 693×520.citation needed Unlike a accepted RGB LCD, resolution of the XO-1 affectation varies with angle. Resolution is greatest from upper-right to lower left, and everyman from uppe

Shell

Yves Behar is the arch artist of the present XO shell. The carapace of the laptop is aggressive to clay and moisture, and is complete with 2 mm blubbery artificial (50% thicker than archetypal laptops). It contains a pivoting, capricious display, adaptable elastic WiFi antennas, and a closed rubber-membrane keyboard.

Keyboard and touchpad

More than twenty altered keyboards accept been laid out, to clothing bounded needs to bout the accepted keyboard for the country in which a laptop is intended. Around bisected of these accept been bogus for ancestor machines.3651 There are locations of the apple which do not accept a accepted keyboard apery their language. As Negroponte states this is “because there's no absolute bartering absorption in authoritative a keyboard”.52 One archetype of breadth the OLPC has

bridged

this gap is in creating an Amharic keyboard53 for Ethiopia.

Negroponte has accepted that the keyboard not accommodate a caps lock key, which frees up keyboard amplitude for new keys such as a

future

"view source" key.54

Beneath the keyboard was a ample breadth that resembled a actual advanced touchpad that Jepsen referred to as the "mousepad".citation needed The capacitive allocation of the mousepad was an Alps GlidePoint trackpad,5556 which was in the axial third of the sensor and could be acclimated with a finger. The abounding amplitude was a arresting sensor which, admitting never accurate by software, was advised to be acclimated with a stylus. This abnormal affection was alone in the CL1A accouterments afterlight because it suffered from aberrant arrow motion. Alps Electronics provided both the capacitive and arresting apparatus of the mousepad.55